| External factors: | Cigarette smoke extract |
| Aging type: | Accelerate |
| Aging characteristic: |
| Category: | Other |
| Phenotype: | Aging |
| Experiment: | SA-β-gal activity assay//Flow cytometry//Cell morphological analysis |
| Description: | We found that fibroblasts synchronized by serum deprivation (accumulation of cells in the G1 phase) did not respond to serum restitution if they were exposed to CSE 5% solution. In contrast, CSE treatment of asynchronous fibroblasts resulted in accumulation of the cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle.Multiple exposures to CSE ultimately increased SA β-gal activity and induced a flat and enlarged cell morphology. |
| Regulatory pathway: | ATM-p53-p21-pRb//p16-pRb//p53 |
| R-EF-Pathway: | Activation//Activation//Activation |
| Official symbol(s): | ATM-CDKN1A-TP53////TP53 |
| Pathway experiment: | Western blot |
| Pathway description: | Exposure to CSE induced activation of ATM, p53, and pRb, a marked increase in p53 and p21, and a mild increase in p16 accumulation.Multiple exposures to CSE markedly increased p53 and p16 accumulation and activated pRb.We evaluated the downstream effect of p53 with p21 accumulation up to 2 wk. Exposure to CSE increased p21 up to 2 wk. |
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