External factors: | Areca nut alkaloids |
Aging type: | Accelerate |
Aging characteristic: |
Category: | Chemical compounds |
Phenotype: | Oral submucous fibrosis |
Experiment: | SA-β-gal activity assay//Immunofluorescence//Cell morphological analysis |
Description: | Using these doses, the oral fibroblasts adopted a flattened and enlarged morphology but did not display obvious signs of cell death.Permanent cell cycle exit is a hallmark of cellular senescence and, therefore, we performed immunofluorescence staining of oral fibroblasts to detect the cell cycle antigen Ki67. We then proceeded to test the effect of the alkaloids on the histochemical marker of senescence, SA-β-Gal. We showed that the fraction of positive cells increased after exposure to both alkaloids in a dose-dependent manner;All doses of ARC and ARD, the fraction of cells positive for p16INK4A increases. |
Target gene: | TGF-β//MMP2 |
R-EF-Target gene: | Upregulation//Upregulation |
Official symbol(s): | TGFB1//MMP2 |
Target gene experiment: | ELISA |
Target gene description: | ARC did not induce increased TGF-β accumulation in the CM at 100 lM, but that at 300 lM, there was ~threefold increase that approached statistical significance (P = 0.07). ARD induced ~ threefold increase at 30 lM that approached significance (P = 0.09) and ~ fivefold increase at 100 lM, which was highly significant (P < 0.02). Both doses of both alkaloids showed a small but insignificant increase in MMP-2 that showed a strong trend for significance at 100 lM ARD (P = 0.075) and at 100 lM ARC (P = 0.07) but slightly less so at 300 lM ARC and at 30 lM ARD (P = 0.1). |
Annotation: